The management of opening and germination of black fungus is a crucial link in the ear stage, which directly affects the uniformity of ear bud formation, which in turn is related to the quality and output of black fungus. During the opening and germination period of black fungus sticks, growers can refer to the following technical points.
1. Reasonable selection of opening parameters
Growers choose a suitable mouth shape according to their actual situation. The "Y" or "O" shaped mouth is not easy to hold back buds, and is suitable for farmers with inexperienced management. "I" shaped mouth, small ears, high single-piece rate, good product commodity, suitable for farmers with rich management experience. The opening depth of the ear buds is 0.3-0.5 cm, the opening diameter is 0.3-0.4 cm, and the number of openings is 200-220 per stick. If the opening is too deep, the earbuds will grow into the material, and the earbuds in the bag will easily occur, resulting in bud holding; if the opening is too shallow, the earbuds will easily form on the material wall, resulting in ear drop.
2. Centralized upright pendulum of the ear bed
Spray 2% lime water on the border of the ear bed. The opened mushroom sticks are placed upright on the border of the ear bed with the mouth of the bag facing down. In order to save land and materials, the temperature should be increased reasonably, and the bacteria sticks should be arranged closely during germination. 40-50 rods can be placed per square meter, and the distance between rods and rods is 2 cm, and they can be placed evenly.
3. Germination by covering with straw curtains
When it is windy, less rainy, and the temperature difference between day and night is large, it is more contradictory to the requirement of maintaining suitable temperature and humidity during germination. For this reason, after the rods are arranged, a layer of plastic film should be covered on the mushroom rods in time for heat preservation, moisture retention and rain protection. A thin straw curtain is covered on the film to allow a small amount of sunlight to pass through and irradiate the fungus sticks to achieve heat preservation, sun protection and scattered light induction, and promote the formation of ear buds.
4. Maintain suitable germination conditions
After the fungus stick is opened in the puncture hole, the respiration and metabolism of the mycelium are strengthened, releasing a large amount of heat and carbon dioxide. Therefore, the black fungus sticks placed on the bed should be ventilated and dissipated in time to prevent high temperature burning, and the temperature in the bed should be controlled below 26 degrees Celsius.
After the wound at the opening of the black fungus stick is healed (the hyphae turn white), the temperature in the ear bed is controlled between 10°C and 25°C, and the relative humidity of the air is controlled at 80%-85%. When the temperature exceeds 25 degrees Celsius, the ventilation should be increased, and when the temperature is lower than 10 degrees Celsius, the ventilation should be stopped; when the temperature is low, part of the straw curtains should be opened during the day to increase the temperature, and the straw curtains should be covered at night to play the role of heat storage and heat preservation. When the humidity in the ear bed is low, water can be added to the border surface to increase humidity.
When there is a layer of water vapor on the plastic film covering the mushroom stick, it means that the humidity is low. Every day during the day, the straw curtains are opened, and the light in the ear bed is enhanced for more than 10 hours, so that the black fungus hyphae at the scratched part can recover and induce the formation of ear buds.